The Scientific Revolution reshaped various scientific fields (most notably medicine and physics) and ended the domination of Aristotelian views of the natural world forever. The new perspective of making inquiries about the world helped pave the way for other revolutions (technological - Industrial Revolution; and social - French Revolution), which is the bedrock of the modern world.
New methods of thinking about the universe
"Rejecting the weight of tradition, these thinkers developed the scientific method, a means of understanding based on systematic observation of natural phenomena and experimentation regarding their cause and effect. But what we now know as the 'Scientific Revolution' owed its impact less to new technology and inventions than to new ways of thinking about the universe."
Status quo
Before the Scientific Revolution, scientific inquiry was devoted solely to the study of nature and the "mysterious ways of God."
Revolution of thought leading to a revolution in technology
"The seventeenth-century Scientific Revolution was above all a revolution in thought. Technological inventions that would change the way people lived lay for the most part in the future. But during the second half of the seventeenth century, experimentation led to the practical application of some discoveries. Thanks to Newton, longitude could now be easily established and ocean tides accurately charted. Voyages of discovery, commerce, and conquest to the Americas increased the demand for new navigational instruments. [...] As Francis Bacon had predicted, governments began to tap science in the service of the state. Absolute monarchs on the continent sought out scientists to produce inventions."
Aftermath of the Scientific Revolution
"The Scientific Revolution seemed to push theology into the background. [...] For faith in scientific method had distinct philosophical consequences [...] 'The new philosophy calls all in doubt.'"
During the Scientific Revolution, the physics we are used to today was introduced. Before then, people were still basing their observations about the world on the work of Aristotle (and other Greek thinkers such as Ptolemy) from a millennium before.
Aristotelian view of physics
The prevailing view of physics in the middle ages was laid out by Aristotle, who saw the world as driven by two kinds of motions: one towards the center of the earth (natural state) and another movement away from it (unnatural state).
Theological adaptation of Aristotle's view of physics
The medieval theological tradition incorporated Aristotle's physics theory and saw the earth at the center of the universe. For clergy, Earth was corrupted by the original sin and other "earthly misdeeds," and the goal of human beings was to "achieve the lightness of Heaven on the exterior edge of the universe."
Shaping culture
This view of physics also helped shape Dante's Inferno:
"The beliefs of the late medieval poet Dante reflected the prevailing influence of Aristotle's physics and Ptolemy's astronomy. Dante held that the universe comprised of ten spheres surrounding the spherical, motionless earth. In his Inferno, Dante and the Roman poet Virgil travel to the core of the earth, then climb out to the other side, the Southern Hemiphere, where they find Purgatory. Hell lay at the earth's center, with Heaven the tenth, most distant sphere."